DIGITAL FLIGHT DISPLAYS AND PANEL MOUNTED INSTRUMENTS are essential avionics for modernizing cockpit instrumentation, enhancing situational awareness, and providing pilots with accurate real-time data. Here’s a look at the common types and features of digital displays and panel-mounted instruments available in pilot shops and avionics centers:
1. Primary Flight Displays (PFDs)
- Garmin G5 Electronic Flight Instrument: A popular, cost-effective option for general aviation, the G5 provides attitude, airspeed, altitude, vertical speed, and slip/skid indicators. It’s often used as a backup or primary PFD in light aircraft.
- Garmin G3X Touch: An advanced flight display system available for experimental and light sport aircraft. It integrates PFD, navigation, weather, and engine monitoring on a high-resolution touchscreen.
- Dynon SkyView HDX: An all-in-one PFD offering attitude, airspeed, altitude, and navigation data. Designed for experimental and light sport aircraft, it also integrates with other avionics for a complete cockpit solution.
- Aspen Evolution 1000 Pro MAX: Certified for various aircraft, this PFD features an easy-to-read, high-resolution display that integrates with other avionics. It includes synthetic vision, terrain alerts, weather, and traffic data.
2. Multi-Function Displays (MFDs)
- Garmin GTN Series (GTN 650Xi/750Xi): Combines navigation, communication, and multi-function display capabilities. These touch-screen MFDs provide real-time maps, traffic, weather, and terrain information.
- Avidyne IFD Series: MFDs with advanced navigation and situational awareness features. The IFD 540 and 440 models provide weather, traffic, terrain, and approach plates for IFR and VFR flights.
- Garmin G500 TXi/G600 TXi Systems: Larger, customizable displays that integrate PFD and MFD functionality. These are often used in higher-performance and certified aircraft, providing information on weather, charts, traffic, and terrain.
- Dynon SkyView Touch: A versatile MFD/PFD combination for experimental aircraft that offers flight and engine monitoring, as well as synthetic vision, ADS-B traffic, and weather overlays.
3. Electronic Attitude Indicators
- Garmin GI 275: A versatile, round-format electronic flight instrument that fits into standard instrument panel cutouts. The GI 275 can serve as an attitude indicator, HSI, or multi-function display with synthetic vision.
- uAvionix AV-30: An electronic attitude indicator and DG (directional gyro) display that can replace traditional instruments. It offers features like altitude and airspeed overlays, synthetic vision, and configurable display modes.
- RC Allen Digital Attitude Gyro (RA-2600): A digital upgrade for traditional attitude gyros, displaying pitch and roll on a color screen with optional heading information.
4. Engine Monitoring Systems
- Garmin EIS (Engine Indication System): Often integrated with the G3X and G500/G600 TXi systems, it monitors parameters such as RPM, fuel flow, cylinder head temperature (CHT), and exhaust gas temperature (EGT).
- Electronics International CGR-30P: A round digital engine monitoring instrument that fits standard instrument panels. It provides critical engine data, such as fuel flow, RPM, oil pressure, and temperature.
- JPI EDM Series (e.g., EDM-830): Full-color engine data monitors that display fuel flow, CHT, EGT, and other engine metrics, aiding in engine performance optimization and management.
- Dynon EMS (Engine Monitoring System): Often integrated with the SkyView system, it provides comprehensive engine monitoring for experimental aircraft, displaying real-time engine performance data.
5. Electronic Flight Instrument Systems (EFIS)
- Garmin G1000 NXi: A fully integrated flight deck system commonly found in new general aviation aircraft. It includes PFD, MFD, autopilot, and engine monitoring in a seamless, high-resolution glass cockpit.
- Avidyne Entegra Release 9: An EFIS system for high-performance and light jet aircraft. It includes dual PFDs and an MFD, supporting navigation, terrain, traffic, and engine monitoring with an intuitive interface.
- Aspen Evolution 2000 MAX and 2500 MAX: Modular glass panel systems that combine multiple display units, such as PFD and MFD, with advanced features like synthetic vision and terrain awareness.
6. Electronic Horizontal Situation Indicators (HSIs)
- Garmin GI 275 HSI: A round-format HSI that displays heading, course, and navigation data, compatible with VOR, GPS, and ILS inputs. It’s designed to replace traditional mechanical HSIs and DGs in legacy panels.
- Aspen Evolution E5 Dual Electronic HSI: Combines a PFD and HSI in one unit, providing GPS and VOR navigation data, as well as a backup attitude indicator.
7. Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS)
- Garmin SVT (Synthetic Vision Technology): An upgrade for Garmin PFDs, like the G1000 NXi and TXi series, providing a 3D view of terrain, obstacles, and traffic for enhanced situational awareness.
- Aspen Evolution Synthetic Vision: Available as an upgrade for Aspen PFDs, it overlays a 3D terrain view to improve depth perception and situational awareness.
- Dynon SkyView Synthetic Vision: Integrated into the SkyView HDX, this SVS system offers a detailed 3D perspective of terrain and obstacles.
8. Traffic Awareness and Collision Avoidance Systems (TCAS)
- Garmin GTS 800 and GTS 825: TCAS systems that provide real-time traffic alerts and advisories. These are often integrated with PFDs or MFDs to display traffic data and improve situational awareness.
- Avidyne TAS600 Series: Active traffic advisory systems that detect aircraft transponder signals, displaying traffic data on compatible MFDs or EFIS.
- uAvionix SkyEcho: A portable ADS-B In/Out device that provides real-time traffic information on compatible EFB apps like ForeFlight.
9. Weather and Terrain Awareness Systems
- Garmin GWX 75 Weather Radar: Installed in the panel, this radar system provides real-time weather data and storm cell movement. It is typically found in high-performance GA aircraft and small jets.
- Terrain Awareness Warning Systems (TAWS): TAWS are integrated with systems like the G1000 NXi to alert pilots of terrain proximity, often based on GPS data.
10. Autopilot Integration
- Garmin GFC 500 and GFC 600 Autopilots: Advanced digital autopilots that integrate with Garmin displays, providing pitch, roll, altitude hold, and approach guidance. They’re often paired with Garmin’s PFDs or EFIS systems.
- Dynon SkyView Autopilot System: Compatible with the SkyView HDX and SE systems, offering integrated control over heading, altitude, and approach modes for experimental and light sport aircraft.
- TruTrak Autopilot Systems: A versatile option for retrofit autopilot installations in both certified and experimental aircraft, integrating with digital displays for GPS navigation and altitude hold.
11. Backup Flight Instruments
- Garmin G5 Standby Attitude Indicator: Serves as a digital backup for primary attitude indicators, providing attitude, altitude, and airspeed in the event of primary display failure.
- Mid-Continent MD302 Standby Attitude Module (SAM): A compact standby instrument that provides attitude, altitude, airspeed, and heading data in one small display, designed to replace mechanical backups.
- L3 Trilogy ESI-500 Standby Instrument: A certified standby display that combines attitude, airspeed, altitude, and vertical speed in a single unit, compatible with multiple aircraft types.
12. Accessories and Installation Kits
- Mounting Kits and Adapters: Essential for properly securing digital displays and transponders within the panel. These kits are customized to fit specific avionics systems and aircraft panels.
- Battery Backup Systems: Many digital displays and EFIS units have battery backup options to ensure continued operation in case of power failure.
- Data and Power Cables: High-quality cabling is essential for connecting displays to other avionics like GPS, transponders, and ADS-B receivers.
Summary
Digital flight displays and panel-mounted instruments bring advanced functionality to the cockpit, helping pilots with real-time data and navigation aids. From PFDs and MFDs to backup instruments, these avionics significantly improve flight efficiency and safety, providing a wide range of options for both new and retrofit installations.